Stirling Cryocoolers (Cycle, Engines, Cryogenics Refrigerators, Coolers)

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Stirling Coolers (Cycle, Engines, Cryogenics Refrigerators, Cryocoolers)

If you like the contents of our webpage, you will love our new Cryogenics book (only $20) the materials in this book has been taught in a Cryogenics course at UCLA. It is packed with >200 pages of information and references, with an index for easy lookup.
In 1816, a Scottish Reverend, Robert Stirling won a patent on a hot air engine that convert heat to work (or vice versa) through repeated compression and expansion of the working fluid at different temperature levels. The concept was not used as a refrigeration cycle until 1834, when John Hershel used a closed cycle Stirling engine for making ice.

During Isothermal compression, an amount of heat equals to Q_c is being rejected from the compressor, which also equals to the work input (W_c).

Q_c = mRT_c ln (V_max/V_min) = W_c

During Isothermal expansion, an amount of heat equals to Qe is being absorbed into the expander.

Q_e = mRT_e In (V_max/V_min) = W_e

The coefficient of performance

COP = Q_e / W = Q_e / (W_c - W_e)

= T_e / (T_c - T_e)

For almost 200 years, the basic concept of the Stirling engine remains unchanged, although the advances in regenerator materials, clearance seal technology and flexure bearing designs, have made the Stirling engine a very reliable and robust machine.

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the Stirling cooler, trying to phase out the CFC coolant with the clean technology of Stirling using helium gas. The computer industry is also are looking into cooling their chips with compact coolers like Stirling.

"Experimental and Predicted Performance of the BEI Mini-Linear Cooler", Proc. of the 9th International Cryocooler Conference, Waterville, New Hampshire, P119, 1996 (with D.T.Kuo and A.S.Loc).

"Prediction of Natural Frequency of the NASA 80K Cooler by the Stirling Refrigerator Performance Model", Cryogenics, 1994, vol. 34, No. 5, p.383 (with L.G. Naes and T.C. Nast).

"Validation of the Stirling Refrigerator Performance Model Against the Oxford Refrigerator", Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1994, vol. 39, p.1359 (with I.E. Spradley and W.G. Foster).

"Validation of the Stirling Refrigerator Performance Model Against the Philips/NASA Magnetic Bearing Refrigerator", Proc. of the 7th International Crycooler Conference, 1993, vol. p.280 (with I.E. Spradley).

"Computer Simulation Model for Lucas Stirling Refrigerators", Cryogenics, 1992, vol. 32, No. 2, p. 143. (With I.E. Spradley, P.M. Yang

and T.C. Nast.)

"A Third Order Computer Model for Stirling Refrigerators", Proc. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1992, vol. 37B, p. 1055. (With I.E. Spradley.) Abstract Download

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About the author- Dr. Sidney Yuan is a consultant in the field of Low Temperature Physics and Cryogenics, and has written a Book on Cryogenics and published extensively in the field. E-Mail.

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